The Map of Knowledge: A Thousand-Year History of How Classical Ideas Were Lost and Found

The Map of Knowledge: A Thousand-Year History of How Classical Ideas Were Lost and Found

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  • Create Date:2021-07-31 09:57:00
  • Update Date:2025-09-06
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  • Author:Violet Moller
  • ISBN:1101974060
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Summary

"The Map of Knowledge is an endlessly fascinating book, rich in detail, capacious and humane in vision。"
--Stephen Greenblatt, author of The Swerve: How the World Became Modern, winner of the Pulitzer Prize


After the Fall of Rome, when many of the great ideas of the ancient world were lost to the ravages of the Dark Ages, three crucial manuscripts passed hand to hand through seven Mediterranean cities and survived to fuel the revival of the Renaissance--an exciting debut history。


The foundations of modern knowledge--philosophy, math, astronomy, geography--were laid by the Greeks, whose ideas were written on scrolls and stored in libraries across the Mediterranean and beyond。 But as the vast Roman Empire disintegrated, so did appreciation of these precious texts。 Christianity cast a shadow over so-called pagan thought, books were burned, and the library of Alexandria, the greatest repository of classical knowledge, was destroyed。
Yet some texts did survive and The Map of Knowledge explores the role played by seven cities around the Mediterranean--rare centers of knowledge in a dark world, where scholars supported by enlightened heads of state collected, translated and shared manuscripts。 In 8th century Baghdad, Arab discoveries augmented Greek learning。 Exchange within the thriving Muslim world brought that knowledge to Cordoba, Spain。 Toledo became a famous center of translation from Arabic into Latin, a portal through which Greek and Arab ideas reached Western Europe。 Salerno, on the Italian coast, was the great center of medical studies, and Sicily, ancient colony of the Greeks, was one of the few places in the West to retain contact with Greek culture and language。 Scholars in these cities helped classical ideas make their way to Venice in the 15th century, where printers thrived and the Renaissance took root。
The Map of Knowledge follows three key texts--Euclid's Elements, Ptolemy's The Almagest, and Galen's writings on medicine--on a perilous journey driven by insatiable curiosity about the world。

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Reviews

الشناوي محمد جبر

خريطة المعرفة (كيف فقد العالم أفكار العصر الكلاسيكي وكيف استعادها): تاريخ سبع مدنفيوليت مولر。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。ارتقت شعلة الحضارة وتوهجت عبر الزمن وانتقلت القيادة الحضارية بين البلاد مرات عديدة، حتي أسهمت العديد من الشعوب في الحفاظ علي التراث المعرفي البشري من الضياع。 وبتتبع حركة شعلة الحضارة يمكن لنا تعرف عدد من المدن الرئيسية التي كان لها الإسهام الواضح في حفظ تراث الإنسانية المكتوب كأمانة وحق للأجيال ومنها استمر الارتقاء حتي وصلت إلي ما هي عليه اليوم。 في وسط الظلام الذي هيمن علي البشرية صعدت جيوب خريطة المعرفة (كيف فقد العالم أفكار العصر الكلاسيكي وكيف استعادها): تاريخ سبع مدنفيوليت مولر。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。ارتقت شعلة الحضارة وتوهجت عبر الزمن وانتقلت القيادة الحضارية بين البلاد مرات عديدة، حتي أسهمت العديد من الشعوب في الحفاظ علي التراث المعرفي البشري من الضياع。 وبتتبع حركة شعلة الحضارة يمكن لنا تعرف عدد من المدن الرئيسية التي كان لها الإسهام الواضح في حفظ تراث الإنسانية المكتوب كأمانة وحق للأجيال ومنها استمر الارتقاء حتي وصلت إلي ما هي عليه اليوم。 في وسط الظلام الذي هيمن علي البشرية صعدت جيوب صغيرة للمعرفة وحفظت كتب كثيرة。 لقد ورثنا ثروات عظيمة من أسلافنا القدامي، ولكن الحقيقة هي أن قطاعات عريضة من الثقافات القديمة ضاعت في الرحلة الطويلة إلي القرن الحادي والعشرين؛ فلم ينج إلا جزء يسير؛ سبع مسرحيات من ثمانين مسرحية كتبها اسخيلوس، وسبع مسرحيات من مائة وعشرين مسرحية كتبها سوفوكليس، وثماني عشرة مسرحية من اثنين وتسعين مسرحية كتبها يوربيديس。 واختفي العديد من الكتاب اخرين تماما، واختزل ذكرهم إلي إشارات عابرة كالطيف في أعمال أخري。في هذه المدن السبعة التالي ذكرها تمت عملية حفظ تراث البشرية القديم وتم إعادة انتاج أفكار كانت لتزول لولا جهود بذلها مفكرون كبار استطاعوا إطالة عمر الكثير من الأفكار وبالتالي استطاعوا حفظ مسيرة التقدم البشري للأمام دون كبوات。الاسكندريةنشأت الإسكندرية كواحدة من عدد من المدن التي تحمل الاسم نفسه عبر عدد من القارات التي وطأتها أقدام الاسكندر الأكبر، وكانت الدولة المصرية بالكامل من نصيب أحد أبرز قادة الاسكندر قوة ونشاطا وهو بطلميوس الذي أسس عصرا بكامله يحمل اسمه، وأسس لحضارة جديدة انطلقت من مصر، اعتمدت فيها بالأساس علي المعرفة وتوثيقها وتنميتها ونقلها من جيل لجيل، وكانت مكتبة الاسكندرية الشهيرة عماد هذه الحضارة。 فمن خلال المكتبة تم حفظ كنوز المعرفة القديمة في مات الالاف من المجلدات لم يبق منها إلا النادر، كما كانت المكتبة مقر تعليم لعدد من كبار فلاسفة اليونان ومن خلالهم نشأت حضارة جديدة في اليونان。بغداداستطاعت بغداد أن تسيطر تماما علي الفكر والمعرفة لأجيال بعد أن نهضت نهضتها العظيمة في العصر العباسي بفضل خلفاء تميزوا بالفكر المتفتح علي العالم، وبفضل الفضول المعرفي والنهم الغير طبيعي للاستكشاف。 اهتم الخلفاء بنقل كل المواد المكتوبة من كل الحضارات وترجمتها إلي بغداد، وكان بيت الحكمة في بغداد يحتوي كنوز المعرفة القديمة التي تم جلبها من الشرق والغرب ومن كل نواحي البلاد。 قامت بغداد بدورها في حفظ تراث البشرية حتي انتهك هولاكو حدود المدينة ودمر أغلب ما وجده في مكتباتها ونقل الكثير منه إلي بلاده وانتقلت قيادة شعلة التنوير في العالم إلي مكان آخر。 قرطبةقبل أن تسقط بغداد، وتحديدا عند قيام الدولة العباسية طارد العباسيون الأمويين حتي أبادوهم تماما، لكن الهاربين منهم استطاعوا الوصول إلي المغرب ومنه إلي اسبانيا وأسسوا أسرة أموية جديدة تحكم هذا البلد الغني جدا والرائع جدا والذي لا يناظره بلد خر في العالم في حينه。 من أهم المدن التي أسسها العرب في الأندلس كانت قرطبة، وهي المدينة التي قامت بواجب حمل الشعلة والإبقاء علي ضوؤها مشتعلا بعد أن سقطت بغداد。 مكتباتها كانت شديدة العظمة، وابتكاراتها العلمية فاقت كل تصور، وقد حقق هذه المكانة العلمية مجموعة من الخلفاء كان لهم من صفات الفضول العلمي والتفتح الثقافي ما جعل تفوقهم سريع جدا، كما أن رغبة خلفاءها في منافسة العباسيين في الشرق قد جعل تفوقهم أمرا حتميا。طليطلةطليطلة كانت واحدة من المدن التي بقيت للنهاية بعد صراع ملوك الطوائف، وبعد أن سقطت كل المدن في أيدي المسيحيين، بقيت طليطلة لتكمل الحكاية، لتكمل مسيرة الشعلة التي بقيت محفوظة لأجيال طويلة。 بقيت بمكتباتها التي استطاعت حفظ أهم ما توصل إليه البشر من أفكار。ساليرنوانتهي دور العرب في حمل شعلة النور، انتهي الدور بعد أن عاشت الشعلة في أيديهم لقرون طويلة بين عدد من العواصم。 انتقلت الشعلة إلي ساليرنو، زارها طبيب ناشئ وهاله مدي تخلف الطب في هذه المدينة، فرجع إلي بلاد العرب وتعلم الطب عندهم واستطاع ترجمة بعض كتب الطب ومنها استطاع القيام بنهضة طبية مشهودة هناك。 كانت هذه أولي بوادر انتقال الشعلة إلي بلاد الغرب。باليرموباليرمو تمكنت بمكتباتها التي استطاع تكوينها بعض الحكام المحبين للمعرفة استطاعت بهذه المكتبات أن تضيء جنبات العالم من جديد。فينيسيااستطاعت المدينة مواصلة حماية شعلة النور وإبقائها مشتعلة حتي بقيت إلي اليوم。الكتاب مميز جدا فهو يجمع بين حقائق التاريخ والجغرافيا، ويضيف إليها حقائق العلم وأهم ما شغل العالم القديم والحديث من أفكار لعشرات القرون، كل هذا بأسلوب شائق ممتع، وقد جمع الكتاب من المميزات التي تجعله وجبة ثقافية دسمة。 。。。more

عبد الله القصير

خريطة المعرفة كتاب يحكي قصة سبعة مدن ساعدت على انتشار العلم في العصور الوسطى。 هذه المدن كانت مركز علمي عالمي كلن على وقتها، فالكتاب يتتبع هذه المدن بتسلسل تاريخي يناقش فيها كيف العلوم وصلت لهذه المدن وكيف ساعدت على تطوير هذه العلوم。 هذه المدن هي:الأسكندريةبغداد قرطبةطليطلةساليرنوباليرموالبندقية。

Tim

If I were still teaching the History of Science, I would use this to cover the Middle Ages。 It contains the basics everyone should know。 It is well-written and accessible。 However, there is nothing new and there is little depth。 Moller herself states that this is meant to be a summary of the pioneering works of those who came before her。

Elisif

Fascinating story, well written, made me want to learn more!

Yair Zumaeta Acero

Imaginen una hoja de papel surreal en la que caben muchos conocimientos de matemáticas, geometría, astronomía, medicina, filosofía e historia。 Con esa hoja de papel una de las eternas e invisibles Potencias decide hacer un barquito para que viaje a través de un milenio a lo largo de tres continentes y pase por los aires místicos de Egipto, las arenas de Mesopotamia, el viento bravío de la antigua Hispania y la brisa marina del Mediterráneo junto a la eterna Italia。 Y un día, ese trajinado y cans Imaginen una hoja de papel surreal en la que caben muchos conocimientos de matemáticas, geometría, astronomía, medicina, filosofía e historia。 Con esa hoja de papel una de las eternas e invisibles Potencias decide hacer un barquito para que viaje a través de un milenio a lo largo de tres continentes y pase por los aires místicos de Egipto, las arenas de Mesopotamia, el viento bravío de la antigua Hispania y la brisa marina del Mediterráneo junto a la eterna Italia。 Y un día, ese trajinado y cansado barco decide posarse en las manos de un lector de la Edad Contemporánea para revelar el mágico y erudito contenido que sus antiguos creadores imprimieron en él。 Ese sería el perfecto resumen de este maravilloso libro de la historiadora británica Violet Moller titulado “La Ruta del Conocimiento”。 Un periplo que nos lleva desde la sabiduría griega clásica resumida doctamente por la autora en tres de sus mayores exponentes: Euclides, Ptolomeo y Galeno quienes a través de las matemáticas, la astronomía y la medicina respectivamente, condensaron sus estudios generales en tres obras magnas: Los Elementos, el Almagesto y la profusa e inagotable bibliografía de Galeno que hoy, 2000 años después todavía sigue apareciendo guardada en monasterios europeos。 “La Ruta del Conocimiento” es un viaje casi “Tolkeniano” desde los frágiles rollos de la Alejandría Ptolemaica, pasando por los manuscritos medievales de Toledo hasta el libro impreso de la Venecia renacentista, buscando superar el error historiográfico común y humanista de considerar a la caída del Imperio Romano de Occidente como el punto de desconexión de casi mil años entre el esplendor de la cultura clásica griega hasta el Renacimiento, pasando por alto el enorme trabajo de copistas y traductores árabes y musulmanes。 Tras la caída de Roma, buena parte de las grandes ideas del mundo clásico se perdieron: culpa del afán fanático de los primeros cristianos, quienes se lanzaron a una destrucción masiva de libros que iban en contravía de su dogma fantasioso… la ortodoxia cristiana persiguió a la sabiduría clásica por considerarla pagana y la ciencia no corrió mejor suerte (tesis perfectamente expuesta por Catherine Nixey en su libro La edad de la penumbra: Cómo el cristianismo destruyó el mundo clásico)。 No obstante, dentro de los pocos libros que consiguieron sobrevivir, se cuenta a los Elementos de Euclides, el Almagesto de Ptolomeo y el corpus de las obras de Galeno。 Es aquí donde Moller decide seguirles la pista a estos libros a través de siete ciudades: La Alejandría del siglo VI; la Bagdad del califato abasí del Siglo IX, la Córdoba del emirato – y después califato- omeya de mediados del Siglo VIII; el Toledo católico de la Reconquista; la escuela de medicina de Salerno; el Palermo normando de Rogelio II y finalmente a la cosmopolita Venecia del siglo XV y a la aparición de la imprenta。 En esta travesía nos encontraremos como las ideas encerradas en las obras seleccionadas consiguieron llegar hasta nuestros días a través de generaciones de copistas y traductores y fueron ampliadas y transformadas por estudiosos del mundo árabe que las condujeron hasta el final de la Edad Media y el inicio del Renacimiento。 Moller de manera amena y muy entretenida loga desenredar la red de conexiones entre el mundo islámico y la cristiandad que preservaría y transformaría las matemáticas, la geometría, la astronomía y la medicina, destacando el enorme papel que desempeñaron los eruditos musulmanes abasíes que recuperaron del olvido miles de papiros griegos, para traducirlo al árabe, de donde posteriormente fueron traducidas al latín a partir del siglo XI。 En este viaje erudito no sólo conoceremos acerca de Euclides, Ptolomeo o Galeno。 Moller se encarga de ir añadiendo a su viaje traductores, copistas, científicos, monjes, califas, emires, condes, reyes, emperadores e impresores que influyeron decisivamente en la recopilación y transmisión del contenido antiguo。 Personajes como Casiodoro, Boecio, al-Mansur, Harún al-Rashid, Abdalá al-Ma´mún; Abderramán III, Abū ‘Alī al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sĩnã (Avicena), Abū ’l Qāsim Khalaf ibn ‘Abbās al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis); Abū l-WalīdʾAḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Rušd (Averroes); Abu Abdallah Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Jwārizmī (más conocido por el “Álgebra de Baldor”); Gerardo de Cremona, Constantino el Africano, Rogelio II, Federico II, Leonardo Fibonacci, Besarión, Gutenberg, Ratdolt, Aldo Manucio, entre otros tantos irán apareciendo conforme el relato histórico va avanzando。 A pesar de la marea de nombres, la autora los incluye con precisión y escrupulosidad como si estuviese armando un asombroso diorama de un milenio; el mismo esmero que utiliza para divulgar sobre aspectos y cuestiones científicas y reducir conceptos matemáticos, geométricos y astronómicos a un lenguaje asequible para lectores indoctos en la materia。 “La Ruta del Conocimiento” es un libro profundamente ilustrado e investigado, y a la vez es fascinante y encantadoramente narrado。 La pasión de Moller por su investigación se transmite con facilidad al lector quien queda enganchado desde el principio con su primera lectura y con la destreza de esta joven autora para llevarnos vívidamente a través de la historia y lugares tan remotos entre sí。 Un volumen de alta divulgación asequible a cualquier lector con un mínimo de conocimientos históricos y geográficos de la época y que a la vez deja satisfechos a quienes hemos ahondado más en la historia de tan turbulenta era。 Un barco de papel que todo amante de los libros, de los viajes y del empeño humano fuera de lo común, debería tener en sus manos。“Los estudiosos que hicieron posible esta colaboración son los protagonistas de esta historia: los hombres que partieron rumbo a lo desconocido, que dedicaron sus vidas a localizar, comprender, preservar y comunicar todas esas ideas y teorías extraordinarias。 Su capacidad de asombro, su empeño en poner orden en el magnífico caos de la creación y esclarecerlo, fue lo que puso en marcha los descubrimientos científicos y los mantuvo vivos a lo largo de los mil años transcurridos entre el 500 y 1000 d。C。" 。 。。。more

Ignacio Restrepo

Excelente libro muy bien documentado muy claro y preciso Lo recomiendo 100%

John

Strongly eurocentric and, I thought, weak on the diffusion of Hindu and Chinese books/ideas westward。 Also, I was hoping for more on the spread of ideas themselves rather than the spread of the books that carried them…but I guess that the latter was her topic。 She does have some fascinating stories to tell, and as someone who loves books about books I was happy to discover so much that was new to me。

Ramon

Very entertaining! The book tells you the story of how three books—Elements (a book by Euclid), Almagest (a book by Ptolemy), and a bunch of book by Galen—made it throughout history and thus enhance our scientific development。 The story starts in Alexandria and from there you go on to a bunch of places—Bagdad, Toledo, Salerno, Venice, among others。 In every place you’re introduced to the brightest minds of the moment and their work, it also tells you a concise explanation on why knowledge moved Very entertaining! The book tells you the story of how three books—Elements (a book by Euclid), Almagest (a book by Ptolemy), and a bunch of book by Galen—made it throughout history and thus enhance our scientific development。 The story starts in Alexandria and from there you go on to a bunch of places—Bagdad, Toledo, Salerno, Venice, among others。 In every place you’re introduced to the brightest minds of the moment and their work, it also tells you a concise explanation on why knowledge moved the way it did。 In the end it’s a book I enjoyed a lot and it opened my eyes to how awesome some cultures developed in between the Roman Empire and the Renaissance—a period we often think of as a dark age—and how this period had inventors as influential as Da Vinci, but then, Western Europe—mainly the Catholic Church—, polarized a bunch of that work and we’re thus left with a “void”。 。。。more

Daniel Caballero

Este libro lo recomiendo encarecidamente, ya que nos transmite todo ese conocimiento olvidado durante la edad media y borra ese sesgo que tenemos al pensar que desde Grecia a Copernico no habia nada de ciencia entre medias。Este libro recorre diferentes ciudades de la edad media y nos acerca al mundo árabe olvidado en Europa, leanlo para conocer nuestro pasado。

Kelly Roberson

What a stunning and fantastically interesting book。

Matt McCormick

This is a very interesting and important story。 It also reminds the reader that most of the ancient books we read today - Homer, the Bible, Plato - are revisions of revisions。 Moller makes a cogent argument for the massive contribution of the Muslim world to what we think of as "knowledge" today。 Without them the we would be less advanced and less rational。Admittedly it was difficult for me to keep in my small brain the train of individuals who protected through translation the texts of Galen, P This is a very interesting and important story。 It also reminds the reader that most of the ancient books we read today - Homer, the Bible, Plato - are revisions of revisions。 Moller makes a cogent argument for the massive contribution of the Muslim world to what we think of as "knowledge" today。 Without them the we would be less advanced and less rational。Admittedly it was difficult for me to keep in my small brain the train of individuals who protected through translation the texts of Galen, Ptolemy and Euclid。 More compelling was the story of the various communities and cultures that enabled the individuals to do their work。 I am prompted to learn more about the history of cities like Bagdad and Cordoba after reading Moller。 I am glad to be reminded that the common attributes of these communities included toleration for different religious faiths and a leadership that but value on facts, science, and learning。A very good read。 。。。more

Angie

I had a difficult time, at first, to get into the pacing and structure of this; but by the end I was enjoying it very much。 I suspect this would be another one that would be better to read than listen to, perhaps with a pen and paper for notes。 A large span of time and space is covered and I don’t believe I will retain a lot of the detail, but the overview is very helpful and is inspiring to look for more information in smaller bites。 Almost all of the space & times focused on were either little I had a difficult time, at first, to get into the pacing and structure of this; but by the end I was enjoying it very much。 I suspect this would be another one that would be better to read than listen to, perhaps with a pen and paper for notes。 A large span of time and space is covered and I don’t believe I will retain a lot of the detail, but the overview is very helpful and is inspiring to look for more information in smaller bites。 Almost all of the space & times focused on were either little known to me or very little known。 I enjoyed learning more very much。I listened to this by Penguin Random House Audio, read by Susan Duerden。 Production quality good, but I thought the reader’s pace was at times too fast。 。。。more

Amanda

An excellent book that concentrates on an understudied subject (at least in western classics discipline)。 I think this is great and many, many people should read this。

Felicity Fields

If you love history, books, or science, this is the book for you。 Fascinating account of how scientific knowledge survived the fall of Rome, thrived in Arab civilization, and eventually was re-introduced to Europe a thousand years later。 Engaging, well-written, not too heavy on the "how we trace book editions/translations" side of the story。 Thoroughly enjoyed it。 I learned a ton! If you love history, books, or science, this is the book for you。 Fascinating account of how scientific knowledge survived the fall of Rome, thrived in Arab civilization, and eventually was re-introduced to Europe a thousand years later。 Engaging, well-written, not too heavy on the "how we trace book editions/translations" side of the story。 Thoroughly enjoyed it。 I learned a ton! 。。。more

Yi Lun

This book describes how ancient texts survived to the modern day。 It predominantly focusses on the transmission of three books in particular (The Elements, The Almagest and Galen's Corpus) from their conception to the renaissance。 When I first realised it only focussed on three books, I was initially discouraged however the reader is introduced to ideas and authors along the way who helped the above books survive and who were influenced by them to create their own works。 It is a somewhat chronol This book describes how ancient texts survived to the modern day。 It predominantly focusses on the transmission of three books in particular (The Elements, The Almagest and Galen's Corpus) from their conception to the renaissance。 When I first realised it only focussed on three books, I was initially discouraged however the reader is introduced to ideas and authors along the way who helped the above books survive and who were influenced by them to create their own works。 It is a somewhat chronological story with each chapter focussing on a particular city starting and demonstrating how the works survived。 It starts in Alexandria where these works were either penned or where the authors studied, to Baghdad where Arab scholars preserved the texts by translating into Arabic and then back to Muslim Spain and finally Italy during the Renaissance where printing guaranteed the text's existence to modern times。 The author introduces history background on each of the cities at its heyday of academic flourishing, describing the conditions which attracted scholars and eventually the texts。 I had not appreciated how ideas had came to us from antiquity before reading this book and it has certainly given me a new appreciation for how fortunate we are that these texts and many others did survive。 It was an enjoyable read and it was also written in plain English, making it an easy read and accessible to layreaders。 。。。more

Oliver Shields

Packed with sensationalism (not just sensation), yet overall very attractive as a book (not less as a paperback), useful detail, biographies of scholars across a period of more than 1000 years and cultural contexts of (more than) 7 cities。 This is an example of a book that promises prima facie to be less than it actually is。 It even includes the theoretical framework for this process of transmission and translation, how come these books required attention at all (degradability) or what circumsta Packed with sensationalism (not just sensation), yet overall very attractive as a book (not less as a paperback), useful detail, biographies of scholars across a period of more than 1000 years and cultural contexts of (more than) 7 cities。 This is an example of a book that promises prima facie to be less than it actually is。 It even includes the theoretical framework for this process of transmission and translation, how come these books required attention at all (degradability) or what circumstances lent themselves to scientific transmission/translation。 A point of criticism is her use "tolerance" as a discriptor of these 7 places, which varies demonstrably and, for instance, seems rather anachronistic, such as she argues, as a general descriptor of Spain under Islamic rule (the existence of isolated "epochs" where "tolerance" reigned is never clearly developed as an argument, contradicted at numerous instances and still examples of "tolerance" are cherry-picked to fit the narrative)。I'm going to compare this to and complete withSylvain Gouguenheim, "La gloire des Grecs : Sur certains apports culturels de byzance à l'europe romane (Xe-début du XIIIe siècle)" (2017)andLucio Russo, "Notre culture scientifique : Le monde antique en héritage" (2020)。V。 Moller does mention Byzantium a great deal (despite her disclaimer in the introduction that she left Constantinople out of the picture)。 However, there is more to be said about middle age Greece in connection with the story being told。Along with continuing the jurney toSteven Shapin, "A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth Century England" (1994, the year of Karl Popper's death)andMaurice Finocchiaro"On Trial for Reason: Science, Religion and Culture in the Galileo Affair" (2019)and back in time to(coll。) "Ancient Science", vol。 1 of the Cambridge History of Science (2019)andJulien Devinant, "Les Trubles psychiques selon Galien : Étude d'un système de pensée" (2020)。 。。。more

Daniel Thunell

Wonderful book。 It’s not at all dense, but easy to read and is filled with so much fascinating history, insight and knowledge that I was unaware of previously。 I love how Violet has broken down the chapters by city and explained their influence on medieval and middle age learning as their stars burned bright and then waned。 I highly recommend this book for any fan of history and would eagerly read any more books this author has written。

Andy M

For a recently published book, it seems surprisingly outdated with its emphasis on the glory of the convivencia in Andalucía。 All historians need to concede that Spain was never a tolerant place for religious minorities before, during, or after the convivencia until the twentieth century。 The insights on Galen are valuable, though。 I think that the only people giving this book a high rating are either those who've read very few works of history or else they feel validated by the opinion of the a For a recently published book, it seems surprisingly outdated with its emphasis on the glory of the convivencia in Andalucía。 All historians need to concede that Spain was never a tolerant place for religious minorities before, during, or after the convivencia until the twentieth century。 The insights on Galen are valuable, though。 I think that the only people giving this book a high rating are either those who've read very few works of history or else they feel validated by the opinion of the author。 While the book isn't quite a sprawling wreck, it vastly under-delivers on the promise of its title。 。。。more

Jorge I。 Zuluaga

Una historia de la edad media en Europa y oriente próximo contada a partir del viaje de los libros desde la antigüedad grecolatina hasta el renacimiento。 Así me gustaría describir este delicioso libro de la historiadora inglesa Violet Moller。Para mí la Moller entra con este libro en el "círculo" (¡mi círculo!) de grandes autoras de historia y filología, formado por Mary Beard (SPQR y otros), Irene Vallejo (El infinito en un Junco), Andrea Marcolongo (La lengua de los dioses), Catherine Nixey (La Una historia de la edad media en Europa y oriente próximo contada a partir del viaje de los libros desde la antigüedad grecolatina hasta el renacimiento。 Así me gustaría describir este delicioso libro de la historiadora inglesa Violet Moller。Para mí la Moller entra con este libro en el "círculo" (¡mi círculo!) de grandes autoras de historia y filología, formado por Mary Beard (SPQR y otros), Irene Vallejo (El infinito en un Junco), Andrea Marcolongo (La lengua de los dioses), Catherine Nixey (La edad de la penumbra) y Maria Elvira Roca (Imperofobia)。¡Que grandes autoras!Lo mejor de "La ruta del conocimiento" es cómo esta escrito。 El texto es extremadamente ameno, como solo podría serlo una gran obra de divulgación, y combina de forma hábil un estilo entre lo literario (con bellas descripciones, personajes y hasta un poco de misterio) y lo erudito。El libro hace un recorrido por 7 grandes ciudades, Alejandría (¡fantástica como todos la conocemos!), Bagdad (¡increíble y desconocida!), Córdoba (¡que descubrimiento!), Toledo (una joya librera engastada en una montaña), Salerno (la ciudad de la medicina medieval ¡hay que conocerla!), Palermo (la capital de un reino extinto, el reino trilingüe de los reyes normandos) y Venecia (La Serenísima, el "puente" que comunicando oriente con occidente trajo el renacimiento a Europa)。La Moller "visita" cada ciudad siguiendo los pasos de personajes variopintos, aventureros, navegantes, mercaderes, reyes, jerarcas de la iglesia, filósofos, polímatas, desterrados, traductores, que tras una paciente búsqueda o simplemente de forma accidental encontraron en cada una de ellas copias de algunos de los libros que marcaron la historia del pensamiento de occidente y de oriente próximo。 Aunque la historia se concentra en 3 obras, la Sintaxis Mathematica de Ptolomeo de Alejandría, más conocida por su nombre árabe Almagesto, los Elementos de Euclides; y el basto "corpus" de Galeno (del cuáles todavía se siguen descubriendo obras antes desconocidas), en realidad, a través de los viajes, conocemos otras grandes obras que completaron el accidentado viaje desde el mundo antiguo hasta las imprentas renacentistas。 Aventuras por mar y por tierra, atravesando lenguas y culturas, de colecciones regias a la biblioteca de coleccionistas, pero siempre grandes aventuras。La edición del libro que cayo en mi poder (Taurus, 2021), esta generosamente ilustrada。 No solo contiene imágenes en escala de grises entre las páginas (piensen de mí lo que quieran, pero incluso los libros más sesudos con imágenes se digieren mejor), sino que hay una colección de hermosas láminas a color en la mitad del libro。¡Que personajes los que se descubren a través de esta maravillosa historia! John Dee, "el filósofo" de la reina Isabel I, que tenía una grandiosa biblioteca en Inglaterra con los más increíbles textos de la antigüedad。 Los califas árabes, al-Mansur, al-Mamún, los Abderramanes de al-Andalús, que financiaron la sabiduría en el increíblemente prolijo período de la ciencia islámica entre los siglos VIII y X en oriente Próximo y en la península ibérica。 Los hermanos árabes Banu Musa, los "hermanos Wright" de la edad media, inventores, eruditos, los primeros en medir un grado de meridiano terrestre mucho antes que los sabios franceses de la ilustración。 Gerardo de Cremona, el una vez joven aventurero al que le debemos algunas de las traducciones del árabe al latín más importantes de la historia。 Al gran Rogelio II, rey trilingüe de los Normandos en Sicilia y el sur de Italia, patrono del conocimiento en el primer renacimiento europeo de los 1200。 El elegante y carismático Adelardo de Bath (¿o de Bagdad?) que recorrió medio mundo para traducir lo que Gerardo no había traducido。 El cardenal Besarión, el único jerarca ortodoxo con ese título, que alcanzó a cumular una increíble colección de más de 900 volúmenes antiguos (muchos originales en griego preservados por más de 1000 años en Constantinopla) y que después de su muerte estuvo guardada por décadas en un rincón del palacio del dux en Venecia mientras los primeros impresores hacían solo copias de copias。 El gran sabio impresor Aldo Manucio, al que le debemos la invención de los libros en su forma actual, que lleno, desde Venecia, el mundo europeo con las mejores copias de los clásicos grecolatinos, algunos de ellos en el idioma original (griego)。 ¡Que viaje!Si les gusto "El infinito en un junco", este es un libro que deben leer。 。。。more

Jackie Cornwall

Violet Moller turns back a corner of history that you feel you almost know about, and yet somehow, the details elude you。。。the transmission of medical knowledge in the thousand years before printing, when every book was hand-produced and each one a precious treasure。 From the evaporation of the great civilisations of antiquity in around 500 AD to the new world of learning opened up by the invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century, she shows how the medical knowledge of the ancient Violet Moller turns back a corner of history that you feel you almost know about, and yet somehow, the details elude you。。。the transmission of medical knowledge in the thousand years before printing, when every book was hand-produced and each one a precious treasure。 From the evaporation of the great civilisations of antiquity in around 500 AD to the new world of learning opened up by the invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century, she shows how the medical knowledge of the ancient world was preserved both by the great Muslim kingdoms of North Africa and Spain and to a lesser extent by the Christian monks of Europe。 Her journey ends in Venice as the modern world begins to open itself to learning of all kinds。 Moller shows the Dark Ages to have been anything but, with their glorious palaces and leafy gardens, their poets and their scientists, intent on learning。 For much of the period under discussion, the Muslim world was in the ascendant, but Moller also shows how the baton of learning passed into Christian Europe via Toledo, Salerno and the intriguing Kingdom of Sicily。 Reading this book was like opening one window after another onto worlds almost forgotten, but rich and vibrant in their daylight colours。 The book sent me looking for more after almost every chapter, and that's probably the most we can ask of any book。 。。。more

Nathan

One of the major takeaways I had with the book is that I think the author really wanted to give a more interesting take on the history book formula, and therefore created this book to explain it。 I rather like the format of the book, which made easier to go through compared to other similar historic texts and books。 First time through I was forced to read the book by my parents, which really made the experience way worse than it could be, however on a second voluntary read through I found the bo One of the major takeaways I had with the book is that I think the author really wanted to give a more interesting take on the history book formula, and therefore created this book to explain it。 I rather like the format of the book, which made easier to go through compared to other similar historic texts and books。 First time through I was forced to read the book by my parents, which really made the experience way worse than it could be, however on a second voluntary read through I found the book more interesting and educational as I wasn't in a bad mood。 In the book we go through 7 cities that faced significant changes due to knowledge and discoveries coming from other countries, and this book hones in on 3 specific scientists: Euclid, Galen and Ptolemy。 This book shows how powerful new discoveries can be, as long after those scientists' deaths their knowledge was still spreading around the world and changing lives。 Detailed is also the daily struggles and toils of being a scholar in the early days of modern humanity, such as trying to find texts and books on things you were studying or the difficulty of earning money。 I think that I would like to visit Venice the most。 It's a popular place to go as a tourist and I would also like to learn about its culture and its unique geological location。 In conclusion I think the book is quite nice, as it offers a more interesting take on the history book formula and offers a lot of information about the travels of knowledge。 。。。more

James

I enjoyed this book since it traces the role of key libraries played in saving past knowledge documented in several books that are traced through time。

Jorieke

2。5Het is vast een mooi boek, maar ik kom er niet in。

June Nguyen

“Each of the cities we have visited in this book had ots own particular topography and character, but they all shared the conditions that allowed scholarship to flourish: political stability, a regular supply of funding and of texts, a pool of talented, interested individuals and, most striking of all, an atmosphere of tolerance and inclusivity towards different nationalities and religions。”

Alyssa

As someone who is far from a history buff (and with a terrible memory for names and dates, but good spatial memory for ideas), I found it simultaneously challenging to get through and very interesting。 What was challenging for me was the sheer number of unfamiliar names and dates discussed, and the way new names were presented - it sort sort of jumped from person to person through relationships - I found myself disoriented at times。 This would likely not be a problem for someone who soaked up hi As someone who is far from a history buff (and with a terrible memory for names and dates, but good spatial memory for ideas), I found it simultaneously challenging to get through and very interesting。 What was challenging for me was the sheer number of unfamiliar names and dates discussed, and the way new names were presented - it sort sort of jumped from person to person through relationships - I found myself disoriented at times。 This would likely not be a problem for someone who soaked up history lessons in school。 At the same time, I found this book accessible and interesting to me in a way that other history lessons have not been - the tying together of geography and ideas through the time period kept me connected and there was a lot of interesting information to soak in。 I found myself stopping a lot to look up ideas and people that sparked interest, and for that I am grateful to this book。It also painted a really compelling picture of how much technology has changed the way we exchange ideas。 The precariousness of having only a few copies of a book in existence, how those editing and copying books influenced the communication of ideas, and how the invention of the printing press changed the game。 。。。more

William

A good view of the shifts in book learning and civilization。

Susanne

An impressive book。 I enjoyed reading this。

Stan

Voelt soms toch te veel als een opsomming van namen van mensen die dingen op hebben geschreven。

Rita Conde

Human invention gives us ever-increasing powers of observation, but the more we see, the more appears。 Our world is one of seemingly infinite complexity s«and wonder, revealed to us by science。 The Map of Knowledge sets out with the aim of tracing the journey of texts by Galen, Euclid, and Ptolemy throughout the centuries to the Renaissance and the invention of the printing press。 However, it does much more than that。 By following the journey of these classical manuscripts, the author takes u Human invention gives us ever-increasing powers of observation, but the more we see, the more appears。 Our world is one of seemingly infinite complexity s«and wonder, revealed to us by science。 The Map of Knowledge sets out with the aim of tracing the journey of texts by Galen, Euclid, and Ptolemy throughout the centuries to the Renaissance and the invention of the printing press。 However, it does much more than that。 By following the journey of these classical manuscripts, the author takes us through the Middle East to Europe, describing not only the academic settings of seven cities but also their political, social, and cultural contexts。 Moller presents us to countless historical figures - some still relevant, some long-forgotten - highlighting their contribution to the transfer of knowledge through time and space。 So it's no wonder that, while reading this, I could feel my younger self - who used to pore over the images on history books, trying to feel what life was like at any given time - jump with excitement。 I learned a lot, especially about subjects that were never considered in our history curriculum - like the contribution of Islamic scholars to the preservation of Greek texts, their furthering of the greek teachings, and how later European scholars attempted to hide or undermine their contribution - and it definitely made me curious to read more about pre-1500 history。Above all, I read this as a love letter to academia and I couldn't help but smile whenever the author showed her genuine excitement while describing these rich environments, so conducive to the pursuit of knowledge, and the people who dedicated their lives to it。 。。。more

Jeremy

Tolerance was alive and well in the Middle Ages。 Who knew? Well, Violet Moller for one。 The authorised historical narrative runs something like this: good Muslims save Greek learning from bad Christians until a clever German invents books and then the cat’s out of the bag。 It is certainly time to challenge this new orthodoxy, and books like Moller’s may be the spur。 Unlike most medievalists (apart from Terry Gilliam, perhaps) she is an enthusiast for her subject。 With most writing on this period Tolerance was alive and well in the Middle Ages。 Who knew? Well, Violet Moller for one。 The authorised historical narrative runs something like this: good Muslims save Greek learning from bad Christians until a clever German invents books and then the cat’s out of the bag。 It is certainly time to challenge this new orthodoxy, and books like Moller’s may be the spur。 Unlike most medievalists (apart from Terry Gilliam, perhaps) she is an enthusiast for her subject。 With most writing on this period, one can admire the erudition but one often wonders what drew the author to their subject in the first place – which they seem to find a dull as, well, their own output。 As well as an enthusiast Moller is also an evangelist, and her approach is attractively original。 She follows two manuscripts and Galen’s opera omnia (also with an understandable nod to Aristotle and Lucretius) as they are transmitted around two millennia and seven cities。 Her references and bibliography suggest that the range of sources consulted wasn’t vast。 Also, there are some omissions。 For example, it isn’t possible to deal with the emergence of vernacular Italian without mentioning Dante。 Nevertheless, her point is made in sufficient detail to be compelling。 Christians, Muslims and, sometimes, Jews, using a Hindu numerical system, overcame their theological differences and collaborated to better understand their macro and microcosm, astrology to anatomy, with a shared language - of Greek or Arabic, Latin or Mathematics。 This is an uplifting message in an age when, even for dim-witted politicians, cooperation rather than war seems to be our best shot at survival。 (Though somewhat depressing to realise that we could have learned that lesson by 1500)。 。。。more